Climate change is a global challenge with far-reaching impacts, including on human health. In Nigeria, the effects of climate change are already being felt and are expected to escalate in the coming years. This article will explore the impact of climate change on health in Nigeria and the measures being taken to mitigate these effects.
Nigeria experiences two seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The length of each season varies depending on the region. The southern part of Nigeria has a longer rainy season that lasts from March to November, while the north experiences a shorter rainy season from May to September. The northern region is generally drier with higher temperatures that can reach up to 38 degrees Celsius, while the south has an average temperature of 32-33 degrees Celsius. The north is also impacted by the Harmattan wind, a dry and hot wind, for a longer period of time than the south.
Causes Of Climate Change In Nigeria
Below we will explore the key causes of climate change in Nigeria.
- Deforestation and Land-Use Change: Nigeria has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, largely due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land. This deforestation contributes to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, as well as the loss of trees that absorb carbon dioxide. Additionally, the use of wood as a primary source of fuel in Nigeria contributes to the release of carbon dioxide.
- Fossil Fuel Burning: Nigeria is the largest oil-producing country in Africa, and the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, is a significant contributor to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The country’s growing energy needs and the increasing use of fossil fuels for power generation and transportation contribute to this trend.
- Agricultural Practices: Agriculture is a significant sector of the Nigerian economy and contributes to the country’s greenhouse gas emissions. Inefficient use of fertilizer, the use of fire to clear land for farming, and the burning of crop residues contribute to the release of greenhouse gases.
- Industrialization: Nigeria’s growing industrial sector is a significant contributor to the country’s greenhouse gas emissions. Industries such as manufacturing, cement production, and power generation emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
- Waste Management: Poor waste management practices, such as open dumping and burn, contribute to the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. The increasing population and rapid urbanization in Nigeria are exacerbating the problem.
Impact of Climate Change on Health in Nigeria
1. Rising temperatures
Nigeria is already experiencing higher temperatures, with some areas becoming increasingly hot and humid. This can result in heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which can be fatal in severe cases. In addition, hot temperatures can also lead to an increase in air pollution, which can further exacerbate health problems.
2. Extreme weather events
Climate change is also resulting in more frequent and severe weather events, such as floods and droughts. These events can lead to displacement, food and water insecurity, and increased exposure to disease. For example, flooding can result in the spread of waterborne diseases, such as cholera, while droughts can limit access to clean water, leading to increased health problems.
3. Air quality
Climate change can also result in increased air pollution, which can contribute to a range of health problems, including respiratory illnesses and heart disease. This is particularly concerning in Nigeria, where air pollution levels are already high in many urban areas.
4. Food security
Climate change can also affect food security, with changes to rainfall patterns and temperature affecting crop yields. This can result in food scarcity, malnutrition, and other health problems.
5. Mitigation efforts
In response to the impact of climate change on health in Nigeria, the government and non-government organizations are taking steps to mitigate these effects. For example, initiatives are underway to improve access to clean water and increase food security, as well as to educate the public about the health impacts of climate change and how to reduce their exposure.
Climate Change Policy in Nigeria
Nigeria’s climate change policy is a set of guidelines aimed at mitigating the negative effects of climate change on the country and its citizens. The policy includes various initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainable development, and increasing resilience to the impacts of climate change.
Some key components of Nigeria’s climate change policy include the National Environmental Policy, the National Drought and Desertification Policy, the National Forest Policy, and the National Erosion and Flood Control Policy. These policies aim to promote sustainable land use practices, reduce deforestation, protect soil and water resources, and improve air quality.
In addition to these policies, the Nigerian government is also working to raise awareness of the impacts of climate change and to encourage individuals, organizations, and corporations to take action to reduce their carbon footprint. This includes promoting energy-efficient technologies, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, and promoting sustainable transportation practices.
Overall, Nigeria’s climate change policy recognizes the important role that the country must play in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development. By working together, Nigeria can protect the health and well-being of its citizens, while also contributing to the global effort to address the effects of climate change.
What Does The Future of Climate in Nigeria Hold?
The future of the climate in Nigeria is uncertain and will largely depend on the country’s ability to address the causes and impacts of climate change. Without sufficient action, Nigeria is likely to experience increasingly frequent and severe weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves, which will have a major impact on the country’s health, economy, and natural resources.
However, if appropriate actions are taken, the future of the climate in Nigeria could be much more positive. For example, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainable development practices, and increasing resilience to the impacts of climate change, Nigeria can help to slow the rate of global warming and mitigate the effects of future climate events.
In addition, the government and private sector can invest in new technologies and innovations that will help the country to better adapt to the impacts of climate change. This could include developing drought-resistant crops, improving infrastructure to protect against floods and erosion, and promoting sustainable transportation and energy practices.
Overall, the future of the climate in Nigeria is dependent on the actions that the country takes today to address the causes and impacts of climate change. By working together, Nigeria can build a more sustainable and resilient future for its citizens, even in the face of a rapidly changing climate.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Nigeria must take a proactive approach to tackle the effects of climate change and protect the health and well-being of its citizens. The Federal government has already introduced several policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, but more must be done to ensure their effective implementation.
The government should collaborate with stakeholders across different sectors, invest in research and development, and educate the public on the importance of environmental conservation. Only by working together can Nigeria ensure a sustainable and healthy future for its citizens in the face of a rapidly changing climate.
